Menu

Auto Tag: SMRT Analysis

July 7, 2019

Recombination of virulence genes in divergent Acidovorax avenae strains that infect a common host.

Bacterial etiolation and decline (BED), caused by Acidovorax avenae, is an emerging disease of creeping bentgrass on golf courses in the United States. We performed the first comprehensive analysis of A. avenae on a nationwide collection of turfgrass- and maize-pathogenic A. avenae. Surprisingly, our results reveal that the turfgrass-pathogenic A. avenae in North America are not only highly divergent but also belong to two distinct phylogroups. Both phylogroups specifically infect turfgrass but are more closely related to maize pathogens than to each other. This suggests that, although the disease is only recently reported, it has likely been infecting turfgrass for a long time. To identify a genetic basis for the host specificity, we searched for genes closely related among turfgrass strains but distantly related to their homologs from maize strains. We found a cluster of 11 such genes generated by three ancient recombination events within the type III secretion system (T3SS) pathogenicity island. Ever since the recombination, the cluster has been conserved by strong purifying selection, hinting at its selective importance. Together our analyses suggest that BED is an ancient disease that may owe its host specificity to a highly conserved cluster of 11 T3SS genes.

Read more
July 7, 2019

The genome of the cotton bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum strain MSCT1.

Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum is a major pathogen of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.. In this study we report the complete genome of the X. citri pv. malvacearum strain MSCT1 assembled from long read DNA sequencing technology. The MSCT1 genome is the first X. citri pv. malvacearum genome with complete coding regions for X. citri pv. malvacearum transcriptional activator-like effectors. In addition functional and structural annotations are presented in this study that will provide a foundation for future pathogenesis studies with MSCT1.

Read more
July 7, 2019

Complete genome sequence of Streptococcus thermophilus KLDS 3.1003,a strain with high antimicrobial potential against foodborne and vaginal pathogens.

Lactic acid bacteria play increasingly important roles in the food industry. Streptococcus thermophilus KLDS 3.1003 strain was isolated from traditional yogurt in Inner Mongolia, China. It has shown high antimicrobial activity against selected foodborne and vaginal pathogens. In this study, we investigated and analyzed its complete genome sequence. The S. thermophilus KLDS 3.1003 genome comprise of a 1,899,956 bp chromosome with a G+C content of 38.92%, 1,995 genes, and 6 rRNAs. With the exception of S. thermophilus M17TZA496, S. thermophilus KLDS 3.1003 has more tRNAs (amino acid coding genes) compared to some S. thermophilus strains available on the National Centre for Biotechnology Information database. MG-RAST annotation showed that this strain has 317 subsystems with most genes associated with amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. This strain also has a unique EPS gene cluster containing 23 genes, and may be a mixed dairy starter culture. This information provides more insight into the molecular basis of its potentials for further applications in the dairy and allied industries.

Read more
July 7, 2019

Complete genome sequence of Hymenobacter sedentarius DG5BT, a bacterium resistant to gamma radiation

The ionizing radiation toxicity becomes a primary concern of the world; several exceptional attention was given to the resistance mechanisms of the radiation-resistant bacteria. Hymenobacter sedentarius DG5BT strain isolated from the gamma ray-irradiated soil samples shows resistance against gamma and UV radiation; however, their level of resistance is lower than that of other radiation resistant bacteria. To gain insight of radiation resistance, we carried out the whole genome sequencing of this strain. The genome of DG5BT strain is comprised of 4,868,852 bp (G+C content of 60.96%) including 3,994 protein-coding genes and 55 RNA genes. When compared with other bacteria, there are differences in compositions and copy numbers of several genes involved in DNA repair pathways and defense mechanism against protein damages. In this study, we discuss the implication of such findings concerning other radiation resistant bacteria.

Read more
July 7, 2019

Comparative genome analysis of Rathayibacter tritici NCPPB 1953 with Rathayibacter toxicus strains can facilitate studies on mechanisms of nematode association and host infection.

Rathayibacter tritici, which is a Gram positive, plant pathogenic, non-motile, and rod-shaped bacterium, causes spike blight in wheat and barley. For successful pathogenesis, R. tritici is associated with Anguina tritici, a nematode, which produces seed galls (ear cockles) in certain plant varieties and facilitates spread of infection. Despite significant efforts, little research is available on the mechanism of disease or bacteria-nematode association of this bacterium due to lack of genomic information. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of R. tritici NCPPB 1953 with diverse features of this strain. The whole genome consists of one circular chromosome of 3,354,681 bp with a GC content of 69.48%. A total of 2,979 genes were predicted, comprising 2,866 protein coding genes and 49 RNA genes. The comparative genomic analyses between R. tritici NCPPB 1953 and R. toxicus strains identified 1,052 specific genes in R. tritici NCPPB 1953. Using the BlastKOALA database, we revealed that the flexible genome of R. tritici NCPPB 1953 is highly enriched in ‘Environmental Information Processing’ system and metabolic processes for diverse substrates. Furthermore, many specific genes of R. tritici NCPPB 1953 are distributed in substrate-binding proteins for extracellular signals including saccharides, lipids, phosphates, amino acids and metallic cations. These data provides clues on rapid and stable colonization of R. tritici for disease mechanism and nematode association.

Read more
July 7, 2019

Paenibacillus ihbetae sp. nov., a cold-adapted antimicrobial producing bacterium isolated from high altitude Suraj Tal Lake in the Indian trans-Himalayas.

The assessment of bacterial diversity and bioprospection of the high-altitude lake Suraj Tal microorganisms for potent antimicrobial activities revealed the presence of two Gram-stain-variable, endospore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic bacteria, namely IHBB 9852(T) and IHBB 9951. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed the affiliation of strains IHBB 9852(T) and IHBB 9951 within the genus Paenibacillus, exhibiting the highest sequence similarity to Paenibacillus lactis DSM 15596(T) (97.8% and 97.7%) and less than 95.9% similarity to other species of the genus Paenibacillus. DNA-DNA relatedness among strains IHBB 9852(T) and IHBB 9951 was 90.2%, and with P. lactis DSM 15596(T), was 52.7% and 52.4%, respectively. The novel strains contain anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C16:0 as major fatty acids, and phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol were predominant polar lipids. The DNA G+C content for IHBB 9852T and IHBB 9951 was 52.1 and 52.2mol%. Based on the results of phenotypic and genomic characterisations, we concluded that strains IHBB 9852(T) and IHBB 9951 belong to a novel Paenibacillus species, for which the name Paenibacillus ihbetae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IHBB 9852(T) (=MTCC 12459(T)=MCC 2795(T)=JCM 31131(T)=KACC 19072(T); DPD TaxonNumber TA00046) and IHBB 9951 (=MTCC 12458=MCC 2794=JCM 31132=KACC 19073) is a reference strain. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier GmbH.

Read more
July 7, 2019

Complete genome sequence of Vibrio gazogenes ATCC 43942.

Vibrio gazogenes ATCC 43942 has the potential to synthesize a plethora of metabolites which are of clinical and agricultural significance in response to environmental triggers. The complete genomic sequence of Vibrio gazogenes ATCC 43942 is reported herein, contributing to the knowledge base of strains in the Vibrio genus. Copyright © 2017 Gummadidala et al.

Read more
July 7, 2019

Complete genome sequence of Stenotrophomonas sp. strain WZN-1, which is capable of degrading polybrominated diphenyl ethers.

Stenotrophomonas sp. strain WZN-1, isolated from an e-waste recycling area in Tianjin, China, is capable of degrading polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The complete genome of strain WZN-1 consists of 4,512,703 bp. This genome information will provide important information about the biodegradation pathways and mechanisms of PBDEs. Copyright © 2017 Wu et al.

Read more
July 7, 2019

Genome characterization of two bile-isolated Vibrio fluvialis strains: an insight into pathogenicity and bile salt adaption.

Vibrio fluvialis is recognized as an emerging pathogen. However, not much is known about the mechanism of its pathogenesis, and its adaptation to a special niche such as the gall bladder. Here we describe two V. fluvialis strains that cause acute cholecystitis. It is noteworthy that both strains were susceptible to all antibiotics tested, which is in contrast to previous studies, suggesting substantial genetic diversity among V. fluvialis isolates. In agreement with their survival and growth in the gall bladder, the genomes of strains 12605 and 3663 contain a considerable number of genes that confer resistance to bile, including toxR, omp U, tolC, cmeABC, rlpB, yrbK, rpoS, damX and gltK. Furthermore, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), virulence factors and prophage regions were also detected in strains 12605 and 3663, reflecting their flexibility in recombination during the evolution of pathogenicity. Comparative analysis of nine available genomes of V. fluvialis revealed a core genome consisting of 3,147 genes. Our results highlight the association of V. fluvialis with a rare disease profile and shed light on the evolution of pathogenesis and niche adaptation of V. fluvialis.

Read more
July 7, 2019

Complete genome sequence of Sulfuriferula sp. strain AH1, a sulfur-oxidizing autotroph isolated from weathered mine tailings from the Duluth Complex in Minnesota.

We report the closed and annotated genome sequence of Sulfuriferula sp. strain AH1. Strain AH1 has a 2,877,007-bp chromosome that includes a partial Sox system for inorganic sulfur oxidation and a complete nitrogen fixation pathway. It also has a single 39,138-bp plasmid with genes for arsenic and mercury resistance. Copyright © 2017 Jones et al.

Read more
July 7, 2019

Complete genome sequence of Bradyrhizobium sp. ORS285, a photosynthetic strain able to establish Nod factor-dependent or Nod factor-independent symbiosis with Aeschynomene legumes.

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of Bradyrhizobium sp. strain ORS285, which is able to nodulate Aeschynomene legumes using two distinct strategies that differ in the requirement of Nod factors. The genome sequence information of this strain will help understanding of the different mechanisms of interaction of rhizobia with legumes. Copyright © 2017 Gully et al.

Read more
July 7, 2019

Identification and characterization of the novel colonization factor CS30 based on whole genome sequencing in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC).

The ability to colonize the small intestine is essential for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to cause diarrhea. Although 22 antigenically different colonization factors (CFs) have been identified and characterized in ETEC at least 30% of clinical ETEC isolates lack known CFs. Ninety-four whole genome sequenced “CF negative” isolates were searched for novel CFs using a reverse genetics approach followed by phenotypic analyses. We identified a novel CF, CS30, encoded by a set of seven genes, csmA-G, related to the human CF operon CS18 and the porcine CF operon 987P (F6). CS30 was shown to be thermo-regulated, expressed at 37?°C, but not at 20?°C, by SDS-page and mass spectrometry analyses as well as electron microscopy imaging. Bacteria expressing CS30 were also shown to bind to differentiated human intestinal Caco-2 cells. The genes encoding CS30 were located on a plasmid (E873p3) together with the genes encoding LT and STp. PCR screening of ETEC isolates revealed that 8.6% (n?=?13) of “CF negative” (n?=?152) and 19.4% (n?=?13) of “CF negative” LT?+?STp (n?=?67) expressing isolates analyzed harbored CS30. Hence, we conclude that CS30 is common among “CF negative” LT?+?STp isolates and is associated with ETEC that cause diarrhea.

Read more
July 7, 2019

The complete genome sequence of Streptomyces autolyticus CGMCC 0516, the producer of geldanamycin, autolytimycin, reblastatin and elaiophylin.

Streptomyces autolyticus CGMCC 0516 produces the anti-tumor benzoquinone ansamycins geldanamycin, autolytimycin, and reblastatin and the 16-membered macrodiolide elaiophylin. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of S. autolyticus CGMCC 0516, which consists of a 10,029,028bp linear chromosome and seven circular plasmids. Fifty-seven putative biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites were found. The geldanamycin, autolytimycin, and reblastatin biosynthetic gene clusters were located on the left arm (2.06-2.15Mb) of the chromosome, and the elaiophylin gene cluster was located on the right arm (9.45-9.53Mb). Twenty-one putative gene clusters with high or moderate similarity to important antibiotic biosynthetic gene clusters were found, including the antitumor agents echoside, bafilomycin, hygrocin, and toxoflavin; the antibacterial/antifungal agents nigericin, skyllamycin, kanamycin, naphthomycin, eco-02301, and bottromycin A2; the immunosuppressants meridamycin and brasilicardin A; the anti-inflammatory agent cyclooctatin; and the acute iron poisoning medication desferrioxamine B. The genome sequence reported here will enable us to study the biosynthetic mechanism of these important antibiotics and will facilitate the discovery of novel secondary metabolites with potential applications to human health. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Read more

Subscribe for blog updates:

Talk with an expert

If you have a question, need to check the status of an order, or are interested in purchasing an instrument, we're here to help.