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July 7, 2019

Complete genome sequence of the environmental Burkholderia pseudomallei sequence type 131 isolate MSHR1435, associated with a chronic melioidosis infection.

The Burkholderia pseudomallei isolate MSHR1435 is a fully virulent environmental sequence type 131 (ST131) isolate that is epidemiologically associated with a 17.5-year chronic melioidosis infection. The completed genome will serve as a reference for studies of environmental ecology, virulence, and chronic B. pseudomallei infections. Copyright © 2018 Sahl et al.

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July 7, 2019

Genome sequences of two cyanobacterial strains, toxic green Microcystis aeruginosa KW (KCTC 18162P) and nontoxic brown Microcystis sp. strain MC19, under xenic culture conditions.

Bloom-forming cyanobacteria pose concerns for the environment and the health of humans and animals by producing toxins and thus lowering water quality. Here, we report near-complete genome sequences of two Microcystis strains under xenic culture conditions, which were originally isolated from two separate freshwater reservoirs from the Republic of Korea. Copyright © 2018 Jeong et al.

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July 7, 2019

Complete genome sequence of Lelliottia nimipressuralis type strain SGAir0187, isolated from tropical air collected in Singapore.

Lelliottia nimipressuralis type strain SGAir0187 was isolated from tropical air samples collected in Singapore. The genome was assembled with an average coverage of 180-fold using Pacific Biosciences long reads and Illumina MiSeq paired-end reads. The genome measures 4.8?Mb and contains 4,424 protein-coding genes, 83 tRNAs, and 25 rRNAs. Copyright © 2018 Heinle et al.

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July 7, 2019

Complete genome sequence of Acinetobacter indicus type strain SGAir0564 isolated from tropical air collected in Singapore.

Acinetobacter indicus (Gammaproteobacteria) is a strict aerobic nonmotile bacterium. The strain SGAir0564 was isolated from air samples collected in Singapore. The complete genome is 3.1 Mb and was assembled using a combination of short and long reads. The genome contains 2,808 protein-coding genes, 80 tRNAs, and 21 rRNA subunits. Copyright © 2018 Vettath et al.

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July 7, 2019

First detection of a blaCTX-M-15-carrying plasmid in Vibrio alginolyticus.

Vibrio alginolyticus is a gram-negative halophilic bacterium, widely distributed in sea-water and seafood all over the world and is the main pathogenic bacteria of marine animals such as fish, shrimp and shellfish. Besides, it is also an important human pathogen causing eye, ear and wound infections, as well as gastroenteritis, septicemia, and necrotizing fasciitis [1]. Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins is rarely ob- served in V. alginolyticus. Here, we report for the first time the identification of a foodborne V. alginolyticus strain Vb0506 carrying plasmid encoding blaCTX-M-15.

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July 7, 2019

Phylogeny of dermatophytes with genomic character evaluation of clinically distinct Trichophyton rubrum and T. áviolaceum

Trichophyton rubrum and T. violaceum are prevalent agents of human dermatophyte infections, the former being found on glabrous skin and nail, while the latter is confined to the scalp. The two species are phenotypically different but are highly similar phylogenetically. The taxonomy of dermatophytes is currently being reconsidered on the basis of molecular phylogeny. Molecular species definitions do not always coincide with existing concepts which are guided by ecological and clinical principles. In this article, we aim to bring phylogenetic and ecological data together in an attempt to develop new species concepts for anthropophilic dermatophytes. Focus is on the T. rubrum complex with analysis of rDNA ITS supplemented with LSU, TUB2, TEF3 and ribosomal protein L10 gene sequences. In order to explore genomic differences between T. rubrum and T. violaceum, one representative for both species was whole genome sequenced. Draft sequences were compared with currently available dermatophyte genomes. Potential virulence factors of adhesins and secreted proteases were predicted and compared phylogenetically. General phylogeny showed clear gaps between geophilic species of Arthroderma, but multilocus distances between species were often very small in the derived anthropophilic and zoophilic genus Trichophyton. Significant genome conservation between T. rubrum and T. violaceum was observed, with a high similarity at the nucleic acid level of 99.38 % identity. Trichophyton violaceum contains more paralogs than T. rubrum. About 30 adhesion genes were predicted among dermatophytes. Seventeen adhesins were common between T. rubrum and T. violaceum, while four were specific for the former and eight for the latter. Phylogenetic analysis of secreted proteases reveals considerable expansion and conservation among the analyzed species. Multilocus phylogeny and genome comparison of T. rubrum and T. violaceum underlined their close affinity. The possibility that they represent a single species exhibiting different phenotypes due to different localizations on the human body is discussed.

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July 7, 2019

Short genome report of cellulose-producing commensal Escherichia coli 1094.

Bacterial surface colonization and biofilm formation often rely on the production of an extracellular polymeric matrix that mediates cell-cell and cell-surface contacts. In Escherichia coli and many Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria cellulose is often the main component of the extracellular matrix. Here we report the complete genome sequence of the cellulose producing strain E. coli 1094 and compare it with five other closely related genomes within E. coli phylogenetic group A. We present a comparative analysis of the regions encoding genes responsible for cellulose biosynthesis and discuss the changes that could have led to the loss of this important adaptive advantage in several E. coli strains. Data deposition: The annotated genome sequence has been deposited at the European Nucleotide Archive under the accession number PRJEB21000.

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July 7, 2019

Complete and assembled genome sequence of an NDM-9- and CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 wastewater isolate from Switzerland.

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae have emerged worldwide and represent a major threat to human health. Here we report the genome sequence of K. pneumoniae 002SK2, an NDM-9- and CTX-M-15-producing strain isolated from wastewater in Switzerland and belonging to the international high-risk clone sequence type 147 (ST147).Whole-genome sequencing of K. pneumoniae 002SK2 was performed using Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) technology RS2 reads (C4/P6 chemistry). De novo assembly was performed using Canu assembler, and sequences were annotated using the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP).The genome of K. pneumoniae 002SK2 consists of a 5.4-Mbp chromosome containing blaSHV-11 and fosA6, a 159-kb IncFIB(K) plasmid carrying the heavy metal resistance genes ars and sil, and a 77-kb IncR plasmid containing blaCTX-M-15, blaNDM-9, blaOXA-9 and blaTEM-1.Multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae harbouring blaNDM-9 and blaCTX-M-15 are spreading into the environment, most probably via wastewater from clinical settings. Copyright © 2018 International Society for Chemotherapy of Infection and Cancer. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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July 7, 2019

Emerging mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria and fungi: advances in the era of genomics.

Bacteria and fungi continue to develop new ways to adapt and survive the lethal or biostatic effects of antimicrobials through myriad mechanisms. Novel antibiotic resistance genes such as lsa(C), erm(44), VCC-1, mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, bla KLUC-3 and bla KLUC-4 were discovered through comparative genomics and further functional studies. As well, mutations in genes that hitherto were unknown to confer resistance to antimicrobials, such as trm, PP2C, rpsJ, HSC82, FKS2 and Rv2887, were shown by genomics and transcomplementation assays to mediate antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Saccharomyces cerevisae, Candida glabrata and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, respectively. Thus, genomics, transcriptomics and metagenomics, coupled with functional studies are the future of antimicrobial resistance research and novel drug discovery or design.

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