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July 7, 2019

Draft genome sequence of a bacterial plant pathogen Erwinia pyrifoliae strain EpK1/15 isolated from an apple twig showing black shoot blight

Erwinia pyrifoliae is a Gram-negative bacterium causing black shoot blight in apple and Asian pear trees. E. pyrifoliae strain EpK1/15 was isolated in 2014 from an apple twig from the Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. In this study, we report the draft genome sequence of E. pyrifoliae EpK1/15 using PacBio RS II platform. The draft genome is comprised of a circular chromosome with 4,027,225 bp and 53.4% G + C content and a plasmid with 48,456 bp and 50.3% G + C content. The draft genome includes 3,798 protein-coding genes, 22 rRNA genes, 77 tRNA genes, 13 non-coding RNA genes, and 231 pseudo genes.


July 7, 2019

Emerging mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria and fungi: advances in the era of genomics.

Bacteria and fungi continue to develop new ways to adapt and survive the lethal or biostatic effects of antimicrobials through myriad mechanisms. Novel antibiotic resistance genes such as lsa(C), erm(44), VCC-1, mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, bla KLUC-3 and bla KLUC-4 were discovered through comparative genomics and further functional studies. As well, mutations in genes that hitherto were unknown to confer resistance to antimicrobials, such as trm, PP2C, rpsJ, HSC82, FKS2 and Rv2887, were shown by genomics and transcomplementation assays to mediate antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Saccharomyces cerevisae, Candida glabrata and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, respectively. Thus, genomics, transcriptomics and metagenomics, coupled with functional studies are the future of antimicrobial resistance research and novel drug discovery or design.


July 7, 2019

Genome sequence resources for the wheat stripe rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) and the barley stripe rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei)

Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici causes devastating stripe (yellow) rust on wheat and P. striiformis f. sp. hordei causes stripe rust on barley. Several P. striiformis f. sp. tritici genomes are available, but no P. striiformis f. sp. hordei genome is available. More genomes of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici and P. striiformis f. sp. hordei are needed to understand the genome evolution and molecular mechanisms of their pathogenicity. We sequenced P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolate 93-210 and P. striiformis f. sp. hordei isolate 93TX-2, using PacBio and Illumina technologies and RNA sequencing. Their genomic sequences were assembled to contigs with high continuity and showed significant structural differences. The circular mitochondria genomes of both were complete. These genomes provide high-quality resources for deciphering the genomic basis of rapid evolution and host adaptation, identifying genes for avirulence and other important traits, and studying host-pathogen interactions.


July 7, 2019

Complete genome sequences of three Campylobacter jejuni phage-propagating strains.

Bacteriophage therapy can potentially reduce Campylobacter jejuni numbers in livestock, but it requires a detailed understanding of phage-host interactions. C. jejuni strains readily infected by certain phages are designated as phage-propagating strains. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of three such strains, NCTC 12660, NCTC 12661, and NCTC 12664. Copyright © 2018 Sacher et al.


July 7, 2019

Complete genome sequence of a novel mutant strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Pacific White Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei).

The acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) of Penaeus vannamei shrimp is caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus carrying toxin genes, pirA and pirB We report the complete genome sequence of the novel V. parahaemolyticus strain R14, which did not display AHPND symptoms in P. vannamei despite containing the binary toxin genes. Copyright © 2018 Kanrar and Dhar.


July 7, 2019

Analysis of resistance genes of clinical Pannonibacter phragmitetus strain 31801 by complete genome sequencing.

To clarify the resistance mechanisms of Pannonibacter phragmitetus 31801, isolated from the blood of a liver abscess patient, at the genomic level, we performed whole genomic sequencing using a PacBio RS II single-molecule real-time long-read sequencer. Bioinformatic analysis of the resulting sequence was then carried out to identify any possible resistance genes. Analyses included Basic Local Alignment Search Tool searches against the Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database, ResFinder analysis of the genome sequence, and Resistance Gene Identifier analysis within the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database. Prophages, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), and other putative virulence factors were also identified using PHAST, CRISPRfinder, and the Virulence Factors Database, respectively. The circular chromosome and single plasmid of P. phragmitetus 31801 contained multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including those coding for three different types of ß-lactamase [NPS ß-lactamase (EC 3.5.2.6), ß-lactamase class C, and a metal-dependent hydrolase of ß-lactamase superfamily I]. In addition, genes coding for subunits of several multidrug-resistance efflux pumps were identified, including those targeting macrolides (adeJ, cmeB), tetracycline (acrB, adeAB), fluoroquinolones (acrF, ceoB), and aminoglycosides (acrD, amrB, ceoB, mexY, smeB). However, apart from the tripartite macrolide efflux pump macAB-tolC, the genome did not appear to contain the complete complement of subunit genes required for production of most of the major multidrug-resistance efflux pumps.


July 7, 2019

Complete genome sequence of oyster isolate Vibrio vulnificus env1.

Vibrio vulnificus, a ubiquitous inhabitant of coastal marine environments, has been isolated from a variety of sources. It is an opportunistic pathogen of both marine animals and humans. Here, the genome sequence of V. vulnificus Env1, an environmental isolate resistant to predation by the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis, is reported. Copyright © 2018 Noorian et al.


July 7, 2019

Complete genome sequence of the virulent Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida strain RFAS1.

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the pathogenic Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida strain RFAS1, isolated from black rockfish and showing signs of furunculosis. Sequencing with the PacBio platform yielded a circular chromosome of 4,783,004?bp and two plasmids (70,968?bp and 63,563?bp) harboring 4,411, 67, and 71 protein-coding genes, respectively. Copyright © 2018 Kim et al.


July 7, 2019

Complete genome sequence of Melissococcus plutonius DAT561, a strain that shows an unusual growth profile, obtained by PacBio sequencing.

Melissococcus plutonius is the causative agent of European foulbrood, and its isolates were believed to be remarkably genetically homogeneous. However, recent epidemiological and pathogenic studies have shown this pathogen to be more heterogeneous than expected. Herein, we present the whole-genome sequence of M. plutonius DAT561, a representative atypical strain. Copyright © 2018 Okumura et al.


July 7, 2019

Complete genome sequence of Achromobacter spanius type strain DSM 23806T, a pathogen isolated from human blood.

Achromobacter spanius is a newly described, non-fermenting, Gram-negative, coccoid pathogen isolated from human blood. Whole-genome sequencing of the A. spanius type strain was performed to investigate the mechanism of pathogenesis of this strain at a genomic level.The complete genome of A. spanius type strain DSM 23806T was sequenced using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) DNA sequencing.The complete genome of DSM 23806T consists of one circular DNA chromosome of 6425783bp with a G+C content of 64.26%. The entire genome contains 5804 predicted coding sequences (CDS) and 55 tRNAs. Genomic island (GI) analysis showed that this strain encodes several important pathogenesis- and resistance-related genes.These results strongly suggest that GIs provide some fitness advantages in A. spanius type strain DSM 23806T. This report provides an extensive understanding of A. spanius at a genomic level as well as an understanding of the evolution of A. spanius. Copyright © 2018 International Society for Chemotherapy of Infection and Cancer. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


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