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November 12, 2021  |  

Complete Mapping of Mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain that Escape Antibody Recognition

Authors: Greaney, Allison J. and Starr, Tyler N. and Gilchuk, Pavlo and Zost, Seth J. and Binshtein, Elad and Loes, Andrea N. and Hilton, Sarah K. and Huddleston, John and Eguia, Rachel and Crawford, Katharine H.D. and Dingens, Adam S. and Nargi, Rachel S. and Sutton, Rachel E. and Suryadevara, Naveenchandra and Rothlauf, Paul W. and Liu, Zhuoming and Whelan, Sean P.J. and Carnahan, Robert H. and Crowe Jr., James E. and Bloom, Jesse D.

Antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) are being developed as therapeutics and are a major contributor to neutralizing antibody responses elicited by infection. Here, we describe a deep mutational scanning method to map how all amino-acid mutations in the RBD affect antibody binding and apply this method to 10 human monoclonal antibodies. The escape mutations cluster on several surfaces of the RBD that broadly correspond to structurally defined antibody epitopes. However, even antibodies targeting the same surface often have distinct escape mutations. The complete escape maps predict which mutations are selected during viral growth in the presence of single antibodies. They further enable the design of escape-resistant antibody cocktails—including cocktails of antibodies that compete for binding to the same RBD surface but have different escape mutations. Therefore, complete escape-mutation maps enable rational design of antibody therapeutics and assessment of the antigenic consequences of viral evolution.

Journal: Cell Host & Microbe
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.11.007
Year: 2021

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